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Calcareous dinoflagellate cysts : ウィキペディア英語版 | Calcareous dinoflagellate cysts Calcareous dinoflagellate cysts or calcareous dinocysts are dinoflagellate cysts produced by a group of peridinoid dinoflagellates, called calcareous dinoflagellates. ==Definition==
Organisms producing calcareous structures are exclusively found in a small group of peridinoid dinoflagellates, called calcareous dinoflagellates. Such calcareous structures are either dinocysts (systematized as Calciodinelloideae:〔Fensome, R.A., Taylor, F.J.R., Norris, G., Sarjeant, W.A.S., Wharton, D.I., Williams, G.L., 1993. A classification of living and fossil dinoflagellates. Micropalaeontology (Special Publication) 7, 1–245.〕), which are formed during the life cycle (i.e., mostly hypnozygotes, after sexual reproduction, or resting stages; an overview of potential cyst formations is given by,〔Fensome, R.A., Taylor, F.J.R., Norris, G., Sarjeant, W.A.S., Wharton, D.I., Williams, G.L., 1993. A classification of living and fossil dinoflagellates. Micropalaeontology (Special Publication) 7, 1–245.〕) or found in vegetative stages (namely in ''Thoracosphaera'' Kamptner). The potential to produce calcareous structures has been considered as apomorphic within alveolates,〔Kohring, R., Gottschling, M., Keupp, H., 2005. Character traits and palecological significance of calcareous dinoflagellates—an overview. Paläont. Z.〕 arguing for the monophyly of Calciodinellaceae (including ''Thoracosphaera'':;〔Wall, D., Dale, B., 1968. Quaternary calcareous dinoflagellates (Calciodinelloideae) and their natural affinities. J. Paleont. 42, 1395–1408〕〔Janofske, D., 1992. Kalkiges Nannoplankton, insbesondere kalkige Dinoflagellaten-Zysten der alpinen Ober-Trias: Taxonomie, Biostratigraphie und Bedeutung für die Phylogenie der Peridiniales. Berliner Geowiss. Abh. (E) 4, 1–53.〕).
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